Do I need to do this for each stakeholder separately?

Guidance on developing Theory of Change for different stakeholder groups.

Last updated: March 13, 2025

Mapping Stakeholders Separately

Distinct Theories of Change by Group

Understanding why and how to create separate stakeholder maps for different groups in your project.

Group-Specific Mapping

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Individual Stakeholder Maps

Yes. You will map a Theory of Change separately for each major stakeholder group — such as Resource Managers, Communities, Youth, Women — because their roles, actions, and outcomes are different.

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Benefits of Separate Mapping

Creating distinct maps for each group offers several advantages:

  • Recognizes the unique perspectives and priorities of each group
  • Captures specific power dynamics and relationships
  • Acknowledges different starting points and capacity needs
  • Reflects varied benefit expectations and risk exposures
  • Allows for tailored engagement strategies

The platform is designed to help you identify linkages between these separate maps, showing how different stakeholder groups interact and influence each other within the larger project ecosystem.

Identifying Major Stakeholder Groups

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Defining Groups

Major stakeholder groups typically include:

  • Resource Managers (e.g., forestry officials, conservation organizations)
  • Communities (e.g., villages, settlements, user associations)
  • Identity Groups (e.g., women, youth, indigenous peoples)
  • Governance Bodies (e.g., local councils, traditional authorities)
  • Market Actors (e.g., buyers, intermediaries, service providers)
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Subgroup Considerations

When determining whether to create separate maps for subgroups:

  • Consider whether they have distinct roles in the project
  • Assess if their outcomes differ significantly
  • Evaluate if they face unique barriers or opportunities
  • Determine if they require different engagement approaches
  • Check if power dynamics affect their participation differently

Aim for balance between inclusivity and practicality. While separate maps recognize diversity, too many subdivisions can become unmanageable. Consider grouping similar stakeholders together when their pathways are substantially aligned.

Creating Parallel Theories of Change

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Structural Approach

For each stakeholder group, you'll develop:

  • A specific set of starting conditions and capacities
  • Unique activities and responsibilities
  • Group-specific outcomes and indicators
  • Particular benefit expectations
  • Tailored timelines for change
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Process Flow

The platform guides you through this process with:

  • Templates specific to each common stakeholder type
  • Side-by-side comparison views
  • Guidance for common pathways by group
  • Prompts to consider interrelationships
  • Options to copy elements across maps where appropriate

Avoid simply copying the same Theory of Change across different stakeholder groups. This undermines the purpose of separate mapping and can lead to unrealistic expectations or missed opportunities.

Recognizing Intersectionality

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Overlapping Identities

Remember that individuals often belong to multiple stakeholder groups:

  • A woman may be both a community member and a resource manager
  • Youth may span different economic or social categories
  • Indigenous people may have both traditional and formal governance roles
  • Some stakeholders may move between groups over the project lifecycle
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Addressing Complexity

The platform helps navigate this complexity through:

  • Cross-referencing between stakeholder maps
  • Identification of shared outcomes across groups
  • Documentation of potential conflicts or synergies
  • Space to note intersectional considerations

While separate mapping acknowledges group differences, it should never reinforce artificial divisions. Look for opportunities to document shared interests and collaborative pathways.

Group-Specific Insights

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Common Patterns by Group

Separate mapping often reveals distinctive patterns:

  • Resource Managers typically focus on technical and regulatory outcomes
  • Communities often prioritize livelihoods and service access
  • Women may emphasize household wellbeing and time-saving
  • Youth frequently value skills development and opportunities
  • Indigenous Groups often center cultural preservation and rights
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Capturing Distinctive Elements

Pay special attention to:

  • Different timescales for change between groups
  • Varying perceptions of risk and benefit
  • Distinct definitions of success
  • Group-specific barriers to participation
  • Unique contributions each group brings

Consider bringing representatives from each major stakeholder group together after completing separate maps to discuss areas of alignment and potential tensions. This can strengthen the overall Theory of Change.

Integration into Project Planning

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From Separate Maps to Unified Action

After creating separate stakeholder maps:

  • Identify shared outcomes that benefit multiple groups
  • Highlight potential conflicts that require mediation
  • Develop engagement strategies tailored to each group
  • Create monitoring plans that track group-specific indicators
  • Design adaptive management approaches responsive to varied feedback
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Comprehensive Reporting

The platform generates integrated reports that:

  • Preserve the distinct voice and perspective of each group
  • Highlight interconnections between stakeholder pathways
  • Show how different groups contribute to overall project goals
  • Identify potential synergies and trade-offs
  • Present a holistic view while respecting diversity

While reporting often requires integration, avoid homogenizing diverse stakeholder perspectives into a single narrative that may obscure important differences in experience, power, and benefit.

From Separate Maps to Collaborative Action

Creating separate stakeholder maps ultimately serves to:

  1. Recognize diversity while pursuing shared goals
  2. Respect autonomy while fostering collaboration
  3. Address inequality while building inclusion
  4. Honor specificity while creating coherence
  5. Value difference as a source of project strength

The most robust carbon projects recognize that different stakeholder groups walk different paths toward a shared vision of sustainable landscape management and equitable benefit sharing.

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